Soil has five components. The proportions of different components areMineral Matter-40%, Organic Matter-10%, Soil Moisture -25%, Soil Atmosphere -25%, Soil Organism- VariableMineral Matter-40%, Organic Matter-10%, Soil Moisture -25%, Soil Atmosphere - 25% (2024)

While a nearly infinite variety of substances may be found in soils, they are categorized into four basic components: minerals, organic matter, air and water. Most introductory soil textbooks describe the ideal soil (ideal for the growth of most plants) as being composed of 45% minerals, 25% water, 25% air, and 5% organic matter. In reality, these percentages of the four components vary tremendously. Soil air and water are found in the pore spaces between the solid soil particles. The ratio of air-filled pore space to water-filled pore space often changes seasonally, weekly, and even daily, depending on water additions through precipitation, throughflow, groundwater discharge, and flooding. The volume of the pore space itself can be altered, one way or the other, by several processes. Organic matter content is usually much lower than 5% . Some wetland soils, however, have considerably more organic matter in them (greater than 50% of the solid portion of the soil in some cases).

Microorganisms are the final basic element of soils, and they are found in the soil in very high numbers but make up much less than 1% of the soil volume. A common estimate is that one thimble full of topsoil may hold more than 20,000 microbial organisms. The largest of the these organisms are earthworms and nematodes and the smallest are bacteria, actinomycetes, algae, and fungi. Microorganisms are the primary decomposers of raw organic matter. Decomposers consume organic matter, water, and air to recycle raw organic matter into humus, which is rich in readily available plant nutrients.

So the correct option is 'Mineral Matter-40%,Organic Matter-10%,Soil Moisture -25%, Soil Atmosphere -25%,Soil Organism- Variable'.

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